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مفاجأة مجلس الأمن: استبعاد تركيا وقبول فنزويلا

Capture d’écran 2014-10-17 à 18.39.56أثار استبعاد تركيا من عضوية غير دائمة في مجلس الأمن الدولي أمس الخميس، مقابل انضمام فنزويلا إليه، الكثير من ردود الفعل، إذ وصف التصويت في الجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة بـ “المفاجئ”.

وأقر ديبلوماسي في المجلس بأن استبعاد تركيا “كان مفاجئاً”، معتبراً أن “الرد التركي على الأحداث في سورية والعراق قد يكون له دور” في ذلك.

واعتبر ديبلوماسي آخر أن صورة أنقرة تأثرت على المدى الطويل، لافتاً إلى أنه في المرة الأخيرة التي شغلت فيها تركيا عضوية المجلس (بين 2009 و2010) تم انتخابها بـ151 صوتاً، و “كانت تعتبر آنذاك بلدًا مسلمًا نموذجياً معتدلاً ومنفتحاً. لكن الأمر لم يعد على هذا النحو وبات ينظر إلى رئيس دولتها على أنه يتجه إلى مزيد من السلطوية”.

وتتطلب العضوية غير الدائمة لمجلس الأمن أن تحظى الدول المرشحة بتأييد ثلثي الدول الأعضاء في الجمعية العامة وعددها 193، أي 129 صوتاً.

واختيرت ماليزيا وفنزويلا وأنغولا مسبقاً من جانب مجموعاتها الإقليمية، ولم تواجه أي منافسة.

وأشاد وزير الخارجية النيوزيلندي موراي ماكولي بـ “تصويت الثقة” ببلاده التي قامت بحملة كثيفة طوال عشرة أعوام.

وانتهزت السفيرة الأميركية لدى الأمم المتحدة سامنتا باور الفرصة لانتقاد فنزويلا، الخصم اللدود لواشنطن في أميركا اللاتينية، منددة بـ “انتهاكاتها لحقوق الإنسان، والتي تنافي ميثاق الأمم المتحدة”.

غير أن الرئيس الفنزويلي نيكولاس مادورو اعتبر أن انتخاب بلاده بغالبية 181 صوتاً يظهر “رقماً قياسياً عالمياً من الدعم والمحبة والثقة”، ويثبت أن نظامه المثير للجدل ليس “معزولاً في العالم”.

وعضوية مجلس الأمن تعزز موقع البلد المعني على الساحة الديبلوماسية، وتمنحه مزيداً من الثقل في بعض المفاوضات الثنائية. وأفادت دراسات أخيرة بأن الدول التي تنضم إلى “نادي الكبار” قد تحصل على مساعدات دولية بسهولة أكبر.

لكن هذه الفرضية لا تنطبق على الدول “الصغيرة” ويبقى زمام الأمور في أيدي “الخمسة الكبار”، أي الدول الدائمة العضوية (الولايات المتحدة والصين وفرنسا وروسيا وبريطانيا) التي تحدد جدول أعمال المناقشات وترسم الخطوط الكبرى لسياسات المجلس.

وانضمت كل من فنزويلا وماليزيا ونيوزيلندا وأنغولا وإسبانيا إلى مجلس الأمن الدولي مساء الخميس مقابل استبعاد تركيا من عضويته غير الدائمة في تصويت أثار مفاجأة في الجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة. وبعد ثلاثة أيام من التصويت بالبطاقات السرية، حازت إسبانيا ضعف أصوات تركيا (132 مقابل 60) لتنتزع المقعد الخامس غير الدائم. وانتخبت الدول الأربع الأخرى للعضوية غير الدائمة بغالبية واسعة ولولاية تستمر عامين اعتباراً من كانون الثاني (يناير).

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