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انسان “فلوريس” عمره ٧٠٠ ألف سنة

Capture d’écran 2016-06-09 à 17.42.23رجح علماء ان تكون كائنات بشرية صغيرة عاشت قبل 700 الف سنة، هي اسلاف ما يعرف بانسان “فلوريس” وهو نوع من البشر الاقزام عاش في اندونيسيا قبل خمسين الف عام.

وبعد خلاف طويل امتد سنوات بين العلماء حول اصل انسان “فلوريس” القزم، اتت دراستان حديثتان نشرتا في مجلة “نيتشر” البريطانية لحسم النقاش.

وقال يوسوكي كيفو الباحث في المتحف الوطني للعلوم في اليابان “كانت هذه الكائنات الغريبة موجودة على جزيرة اندونيسيا قبل 700 الف سنة”.

واضاف “لقد دهشت حين رأيت هذه المتحجرات الجديدة”.

واكتشفت بقايا انسان “فلوريس” لاول مرة في ايلول/سبتمبر من العام 2003، في مغارة ليانغ بوا في الجزيرة التي تحمل الاسم عينه في اندونيسيا.

وتبين ان هذا الانسان الذي عاش قبل خمسين الف عام، كان بطول متر واحد فقط ووزن 25 كيلوغراما، وكان رأسه اصغر بكثير من جسمه.

ومنذ ذلك الاكتشاف، يحاول العلماء معرفة اصل هذه الكائنات، وسر حجمها الصغير، ولماذا لم يعثر على أثار لها سوى على هذه الجزيرة.

وكان بعض العلماء يقولون ان انسان “فلوريس” هو سلالة “هومو هابيليس”، او “الانسان الماهر”، وهو نوع بشري عاش في الشرق الافريقي وانقرض قبل اكثر من مليون عام، او من نوع من اشباه البشر يطلق عليه اسم القردة الجنوبية انقرض قبل اكثر من مليون عام.

لكن رأيا آخر كان يقول ان انسان “فلوريس” هو من سلالة “هومو اريكتوس” او الانسان المنتصب، وقد تغير شكله ليلبي حاجات البيئة الجديدة التي عاش فيها، وخصوصا ليتكيف مع قلة الموارد.

اما دراسة يوسوكي كيفو وفريقه المنشورة الاربعاء في مجلة “نيتشر” فقد حسمت هذا الخلاف من خلال دراسة متحجرات عثر عليها في العام 2014.

– كنز اثري –

وعثر على هذا الكنز الاثري في موقع ماتا مينغي على بعد 100 كيلومتر شرق مغارة ليانغ بوا، وهو جزء من فك وستة اسنان.

ووصف الباحثون هذا الاكتشاف بانه كنز لان الجزء من الفك يعود الى فك اصغر من اصغر فك معروف لانسان “فلوريس”.

ولدى تحليل هذه المتحجرات، تبين للباحث في جامعة وولوغونغ الاسترالية ادم بروم وزملائه انها تعود الى 700 الف سنة، ونشرت هذه النتائج في دراسة اخرى نشرت الاربعاء في مجلة “نيتشر”.

وقال الباحث لوكالة فرانس برس “ما عثرنا عليه هو مفاجأة، ويبعث على الاعتقاد ان انسان هومو فلوريس قديم جدا، وقد صار قزما في وقت مبكر جدا، ربما بعيد وصوله الى الجزيرة قبل نحو مليون سنة”.

ويضعف هذا الاكتشاف احدى الفرضيات التي كانت تقول ان انسان “فلوريس” هو من نوع انسان “هوموسابيانس” الذي انحدر منه الانسان المعاصر.

وقطع الباحثون بأن انسان “فلوريس” ليس انسان “هومو سابيانس” اصيب بتشوه فاصبح اقصر في جسمه واصغر في حجم رأسه، كما كان يعقتد البعض.

اضافة الى ذلك، اظهر تحليل الاسنان المعثور عليها في ماتا مينغي انها تعود لكائنات منحدرة من “هومو اريكتوس”، وفقا لآدم بروم.

وبجمع هذه الخلاصات، رجح الباحثون ان يكون “فلوريس” من سلالة “هومو اريكتوس”، وهي اسلاف الانسان المعاصر، اي ان الانسان المعاصر وانسان “فلوريس” لهما اصل مشترك لكن الثاني لم ينحدر من الاول، بل انحدر من “هومو اريكتوس” ثم تغير شكله بما يلائم البيئة التي عاش فيها على الجزيرة الاندونيسية.

ودعا الباحثون الى التعمق في الدراسات المماثلة للتثبت من صحة هذه الخلاصات.

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