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تعدد الزوجات يخلق مجتمعاً أعنف

كشف باحثون ان المجتمعات التي تبيح الزواج من أكثر من امرأة مجتمعات عنيفة، ما دفع بالزواج الأحادي ليحل محل تعدد الزوجات. وتوصلت دراسة الى ان مستوى اعمال الاغتصاب والخطف والقتل والسطو أعلى في الثقافات التي تمارس تعدد الزوجات، حيث “يندفع الرجال المحبطون الذين تخلفوا عن الركب الى التعبير عن احباطهم بارتكاب هذه الأعمال”.

وذهب باحثون من جامعة بريتش كولومبيا الكندية الى القول ان الزواج الأحادي حل محل تعدد الزواج لأن مشاكله الاجتماعية المتأصلة أدنى مستوى. وقال البروفيسور جوزيف هنريك، رئيس فريق الباحثين، ان الهدف من الدراسة كان فهم السبب في تحول الزواج الأحادي الى الشكل المتعارف عليه من الزواج في غالبية البلدان المتطورة خلال القرون الأخيرة، حين كانت غالبية الثقافات الأخرى التي لها تاريخ مكتوب تمارس تعدد الزوجات. واضاف ان ظهور الزواج الأحادي محيِّر بنظر البعض لأن أكثر المستفيدين من تعدد الزوجات، وهم الأثرياء واصحاب السلطان، كانوا في مقدمة الداعين الى رفضه.

ونقلت صحيفة “ديلي تلغراف” عن البروفيسور هنريك ان نتائج الدراسة تشير الى ان الزواج الاحادي المتمأسس يوفر في المحصلة النهائية منافع أكبر للمجتمع عموما بتقليله المشاكل الاجتماعية المتأصلة في المجتمعات التي تمارس تعدد الزوجات.

وتمثل الدراسة أوسع بحث حتى الآن في تعدد الزوجات ومؤسسة الزواج، حيث سجلت الدراسة مستوى أعلى من اعمال الاغتصاب والقتل والاعتداء والسطو والاحتيال في ثقافات تبيح تعدد الزوجات في آسيا وافريقيا. وقال البروفيسور هنريك ان شح النساء المؤهلات للزواج في الثقافات التي تجيز تعدد الزوجات يزيد حدة المنافسة بين الرجال على المتبقي من النساء غير المتزوجات.  وان هذه المنافسة تزيد احتمال لجوء الرجال في هذه المجتمعات الى السلوك الاجرامي للحصول على موارد ونساء. وأوضح ان توزيع النساء توزيعا اكثر مساواة يؤدي الى التخفيف من حدة المنافسة والمشاكل الاجتماعية ، وان الزواج الأحادي بنقله جهود الرجل من البحث عن زوجة الى الاستثمار في الأبوة يخدم التخطيط بعيد المدى ويزيد الانتاجية الاقتصادية والمدخرات وتوظيف جهود أكبر في تربية الأطفال. كما يسفر الزواج الأحادي، بحسب الدراسة، عن تحسن كبير في رعاية الطفل، بما في ذلك هبوط معدلات اهمال الطفل والاعتداء عليه والوفاة الطارئة وقتل الطفل والنزاعات العائلية. وتتحقق هذه المنافع من ارتفاع مستوى الاستثمار في الأبوة وصغر حجم العائلة وتعزيز رابطة الدم المباشرة في العائلة ذات الزواج الأحادي.

وقال البروفيسور هنريك ان الزواج الأحادي سبق الديموقراطية وسبق منح المرأة حق الاقتراع في الدول التي اصبح فيها الشكل المتمأسس من الزواج.

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