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الصين: شي جينبينغ انحراف ديكتاتوري لرئاسة مدى الحياة

تنظر الجمعية الوطنية الشعبية الصينية (البرلمان) الاثنين في مشروع تعديل دستوري يمنح الرئيس الحالي للبلاد شي جينبينغ ولاية غير محدودة – رئاسة مدى الحياة – أملا في تحويل بكين إلى قوة عظمى خلال السنوات المقبلة. ومن المقرر أن يعزز هذا التعديل سلطات شي في مبادرة غير مسبوقة منذ عهد مؤسس النظام الشيوعي في الصين ماو تسي تونغ. وكانت الجلسة العامة للجمعية الوطنية الشعبية افتتحت أعمالها لأسبوعين كاملين بحضور جميع الأعضاء

واستمع شي دون رد فعل في كرسيه داخل قصر الشعب الضخم لحوالى ثلاثة آلاف نائب وهم يصفقون بقوة عند تلاوة مشروع تعديل دستوري يلغي مهلة الولايتين الرئاسيتين، على أن يتم إقراره الأحد المقبل.

وكان رئيس الحكومة لي كيكيانغ كشف سابقا هدف النمو الاقتصادي “بنحو 6,5%” للعام 2018 أي نفس معدل العام السابق لكن أقل من إجمالي الناتج الداخلي في 2017 (+6,9%). كما حذر لي حكومة جزيرة تايوان التي خرجت عن سيطرة بكين في 1949 بأن الصين لن “تتسامح أبدا مع أي محاولة أو عمل انفصالي”.

وكانت فكرة أن يظل شي (64 عاما) الذي تولى منصبه في 2013، رئيسا مدى الحياة سائدة في كل الأوساط. إذ يمكن أن يظل على رأس السلطة إلى ما بعد نهاية ولايته الثانية في 2023.

تقول تشو فينغ النائبة من شنغهاي لوكالة الأنباء الفرنسية “أدعمه وأؤيد التعديل الدستوري”، بينما علقت لي شوتشيان النائبة من إقليم يونان (جنوب غرب) إنه “فعلا رجل عظيم وقائد يكترث للناس العاديين وآمل أن يظل في السلطة”. وكان تشانغ يسوي المتحدث باسم الجمعية الوطنية تشانغ يسوي قال الأحد إن الأمر يتعلق ببساطة بدمج مهام الرئيس مع دوره كأمين عام للحزب الشيوعي ورئيس للجنة العسكرية وكلاهما لا حدود له. ومن المقرر أن يتبنى البرلمان من جهة أخرى تعديلات لإدراج اسم شي في الدستور وتشكيل هيئة وطنية جديدة لمكافحة الفساد.

وأثار احتمال “رئيس مدى الحياة” استنكارا على شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي واستغرابا وانتقادات سارعت الرقابة إلى حذفها مع حظرها لكلمات مثل “إمبراطور” و”لست موافقا”. إلا أن التعديل المقترح الاثنين يؤكد أنه تمت “استشارة آراء في القاعدة الشعبية” وأن “الشعب وأعضاء الحزب ومسؤولين من مختلف المناطق” دعوا جميعا “بالإجماع” إلى إلغاء القيود على الولاية الرئاسية.

يشكل بقاء شي في الحكم بعد 2023 دعما لطموحه بجعل البلاد قوة عظمى ذات نفوذ وفي الوقت نفسه، إزالة كل المسؤولين الفاسدين ومعارضيه داخل الحزب الشيوعي. يقول هوا بو المعلق السياسي في بكين إن شي ورث “فوضى” قبل خمس سنوات وعمل على “إزالة كل التهديدات إزاء الحزب والدولة، وللتمكن من ذلك لا تكفيه ولايتان رئاسيتان”. إما إذا تنحى شي عن الحكم في 2023، “فمن المرجح أن تعود السلطات إلى نفس المجموعات الفاسدة والنخب، وستضيع كل جهود السنوات الأخيرة”، مضيفا أن “شي بحاجة إلى الوقت لانتقاء الخليفة المناسب وتدريبه”.

لكن يمكن أن يعبر بعض النواب عن عدم ارتياحهم من خلال الامتناع عن التصويت أو معارضة تعيين حلفاء لشي في بعض المناصب. يقول ويلي لام الخبير السياسي في هونغ كونغ “هناك معارضة داخل النظام لكننا لا نعلم بها بسبب الرقابة”، مضيفا أن “البعض يعتبرون أن ذلك إهانة ويشكل تجاوزا للحدود وأن شي قام بانقلاب على الحزب”.

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