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الفيتامين D ضروري لصحة الأطفال

يُذَكر مقال إرشادي نشرته دورية (جاما لطب الأطفال) الطبية الآباء والأطباء بأن يكونوا على دراية بالطرق الثلاث التي يمكن بها للأطفال الحصول على احتياجات أجسامهم من فيتامين د.

وعلى الرغم من معرفة الكثيرين أن الكالسيوم وفيتامين د ضروريان لبناء عظام صحية لا يعرف الجميع أن الكالسيوم لا يمتص في الجسم من الأصل إلا حال وجود فيتامين د.

وتقول الدكتورة ميجان مورينو من كلية الطب والصحة العامة بجامعة ويسكونسن في ماديسون التي كتبت المقال الموجه للآباء والقائمين على الرعاية الصحية ”في بعض الأحيان يساء فهم فيتامين د أو يتم التقليل من قدر أهميته خاصة فيما يتعلق بعمله كشريك صامت مع الكالسيوم“.

واعتمد المقال على توصيات أصدرتها الأكاديمية الأمريكية لطب الأطفال وأكد على أفضل سبل لحصول الأطفال على فيتامين د عبر التعرض لضوء الشمس والغذاء والمكملات الغذائية.

وتوصي الإرشادات الحالية بأن يحصل الرضع الذين تقل أعمارهم عن 12 شهرا على 400 وحدة دولية من فيتامين د يوميا من كل المصادر وأن يحصل الأطفال والمراهقين على 600 وحدة يوميا منه يوميا. كما يوصى بتناول الرضع الذين يعتمدون جزئيا أو كليا على الرضاعة الطبيعية على مكملات غذائية تحتوي على فيتامين د لحين الفطام وتناول الحليب المعزز.

وقالت مورينو في مقابلة عبر الهاتف ”الصيف على الأبواب وهناك الكثير من الفرص للأطفال للخروج في الشمس وتناول المزيد من الوجبات المنزلية… إنه وقت سانح للآباء للتركيز على سبل الحصول على فيتامين د“.

وأضافت أن الأغذية الغنية بفيتامين د مثل السلمون والتونة يمكن أن تطهى مع بعض الخضروات فيما تحتوي أنواع أخرى من الأسماك الدهنية والحليب واللبن وحبوب الإفطار المعززة والبيض على كميات جيده منه.

وقالت ”قد لا يكون من الضروري تناول أقراص تحتوي على الفيتامينات المتعددة إذا تناول الأطفال طعاما متنوعا… الشمس أيضا مصدر مهم للحصول على فيتامين د مع التنبيه على أن استخدام المستحضرات الواقية من الشمس مهم أيضا“.

ويصنع الجلد نسخة من فيتامين د لدى تعرضه المباشر للشمس وتصل تلك النسخة لمجرى الدم في شكل نشط وتعتمد كمية إنتاج الجلد له على الوقت من اليوم الذي يتم فيه التعرض للشمس والطقس حسب الموسم والفصل ومساحة الجلد المعرضة للأشعة.

والخيار الثالث للحصول على فيتامين د هو تناول مكملات غذائية للأطفال الذين لا يحصلون عليه من الغذاء أو التعرض للشمس.

وأظهرت دراسات أجريت حديثا الفوائد الصحية لفيتامين د على مدى الحياة خاصة للجهاز المناعي. ويدرس الباحثون حاليا الدور الذي قد يلعبه في أمراض المناعة الذاتية بما يشمل الإصابة بالنوع الأول من السكري لدى الأطفال والمراهقين.

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