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ايران: قيمة الريال تنخفض بقوة

هوى الريال الإيراني إلى مستوى قياسي منخفض جديد مقابل الدولار الأمريكي في السوق غير الرسمية يوم الأحد مواصلا خسائره وسط مخاوف من عودة العقوبات الأمريكية بعد أن انسحب الرئيس دونالد ترامب في مايو أيار من اتفاق بشأن البرامج النووي لطهران.

وبحسب موقع الصرف الأجنبي ‭‭‭‭‭Bonbast.com‬‬‬‬‬ الذي يتابع السوق غير الرسمية، فقد عُرض الدولار بسعر يصل إلى 87 ألف ريال مقارنة مع حوالي 75 ألفا و500 ريال يوم الخميس وهو آخر يوم تداول قبل عطلة نهاية الأسبوع في إيران.

وقالت وكالة أنباء الطلبة الإيرانية شبه الرسمية إن الدولار ارتفع إلى 87 ألف ريا يوم الأحد من حوالي 74 ألفا قبل نهاية الأسبوع في السوق السوداء وحمل عدة مواقع إيرانية تقارير مماثلة.

تتراجع العملة منذ شهور بسبب الأداء الاقتصادي الضعيف والصعوبات المالية في البنوك المحلية والطلب الكثيف على الدولار بين الإيرانيين القلقين من انسحاب واشنطن من الاتفاق النووي وتجدد العقوبات الأمريكية على طهران بما قد يقلص صادرات البلاد من النفط وغيره.

وأثار انخفاض قيمة العملة المحلية موجة غضب عامة بسبب الارتفاع السريع في أسعار السلع المستوردة.

وقالت وكالة فارس شبه الرسمية للأنباء إن تجارا في مراكز بيع الهواتف المحمولة في وسط طهران احتجوا على الهبوط السريع في قيمة الريال بإغلاق متاجرهم يوم الأحد.

وأظهر مقطع فيديو رُفع على مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي محتجين وهم يرددون هتافات تقول ”إضراب، إضراب“. ولم يتسن لرويترز التحقق من صحة المقطع المصور.

تدخل بعض العقوبات حيز التنفيذ بعد مهلة ”تصفية أعمال“ تبلغ 90 يوما وتنتهي في السادس من أغسطس آب والبقية، وأهمها العقوبات التي تستهدف قطاع البترول، بعد مهلة 180 يوما تنتهي في الرابع من نوفمبر تشرين الثاني.

وضعفت العملة الإيرانية من حوالي 65 ألف ريال قبيل إعلان ترامب انسحاب الولايات المتحدة من الاتفاق أوائل مايو أيار ومن 42 ألفا و890 في نهاية العام الماضي وتهدد خسائر العملة بتعزيز التضخم والإضرار بمستويات المعيشة والحد من قدرة الإيرانيين على السفر إلى الخارج.

وفي محاولة لكبح التراجع، أعلنت السلطات الإيرانية في أبريل نيسان أنها ستوحد سعري صرف الدولار بالسوقين الرسمية والسوداء عند 42 ألف ريال مع حظر التداول بأي سعر آخر ومعاقبة من يخالف ذلك بالحبس.

لكن الخطوة لم تقض على السوق غير الرسمية لأن السلطات تتيح مبالغ أقل بكثير من العملة الصعبة عبر القنوات الرسمية مقارنة مع متطلبات المستهلكين. ويقول المتعاملون إن كل ما حدث هو أن السوق الحرة أصبحت سرية.

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