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عودة الخدمة العسكرية الإلزامية إلى المغرب

أقرّت الحكومة المغربية الإثنين مشروع قانون يعيد العمل بالخدمة العسكرية الإلزامية التي ستسري لمدة عام على كل مواطن، ذكرا كان أم أنثى، يتراوح عمره بين 19 و25 عاماً، بحسب ما أفاد الديوان الملكي.

وقال الديوان في بيان إن “المجلس الوزاري صادق على مشروع قانون يتعلق بالخدمة العسكرية”.

وأضاف إن مشروع القانون الذي ما زال بحاجة لإقراره في البرلمان الذي سيناقشه في تشرين الأول/أكتوبر “يقرّ مبدأ إلزام المواطنات والمواطنين البالغين من 19 إلى 25 سنة، بأداء الخدمة العسكرية خلال مدة محدّدة في إثني عشر شهراً”.

وبحسب الديوان فإن مشروع القانون يحدّد كذلك “الحالات التي يتم بمقتضاها الإعفاء من الخدمة العسكرية، والإجراءات المترتّبة عن انتفاء أسباب الإعفاء، حتى بلوغ 40 سنة”.

وكان المغرب ألغى في نهاية آب/أغسطس 2006 الخدمة العسكرية الإلزامية التي كانت تسري حصرا على الذكور الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين 20 و35 عاماً. أما الإناث فكان بإمكانهن التطوّع لأداء هذه الخدمة إذا ما أردن ذلك بشرط أن يكنّ عازبات ولا يُعِلْن أي أطفال.

وعلّل البيان سبب إقرار مشروع القانون بأن “تطبيق الخدمة العسكرية يهدف إلى إذكاء روح الوطنية لدى الشباب، في إطار التلازم بين حقوق وواجبات المواطنة. كما يفتح أمامهم فرص الاندماج في الحياة المهنية والاجتماعية، وخاصة أولئك الذين يبرزون مؤهلاتهم ويتحلّون بروح الوطنية والانضباط، لا سيما من خلال الانخراط في مختلف القوات العسكرية والأمنية”.

وفي نفس الجلسة أقرّ المجلس الوزاري مشروع قانون-إطار يتعلّق بمنظومة التربية والتكوين والبحث العلمي.

ويرسي هذا المشروع “مبدأ مدرسة جديدة مفتوحة أمام الجميع، كرافعة لتأهيل الرأسمال البشري: من خلال العمل على إدماج التعليم الأولي، بطريقة تدريجية، في التعليم الابتدائي، بالنسبة للأطفال من 4 إلى 6 سنوات، وبعد الانتهاء من تعميمه يتم العمل على إدراج فئة الأطفال من 3 سنوات”.

كما يقرّ مشروع القانون “تعميم التعليم الإجباري على جميع الأطفال إلى 16 سنة، بدل 15 سنة سابقا؛ ووضع آليات لضمان ولوج الجميع للتعليم، والحد من الهدر المدرسي، وضمان استمرارية التعلم لوضع حد للأمية”، بحسب البيان نفسه.

ومساء الإثنين تطرّق الملك محمد السادس الى هذا الإصلاح التعليمي، وذلك في خطاب إلى الأمة بمناسبة “الذكرى الخامسة والستين لثورة الملك والشعب”.

وقال الملك “لا يمكن أن نقبل لنظامنا التعليمي أن يستمرّ في تخريج أفواج من العاطلين، خاصة في بعض الشُعب الجامعية، التي يعرف الجميع أن حاملي الشهادات في تخصصاتها يجدون صعوبة قصوى في الاندماج في سوق الشغل. وهو هدر صارخ للموارد العمومية، ولطاقات الشباب، مما يعرقل مسيرات التنمية، ويؤثر في ظروف عيش العديد من المغاربة”.

وتزيد نسبة البطالة في صفوف الشبان المغاربة القاطنين في المدن عن 40%، بحسب بيانات الهيئة الوطنية للإحصاء.

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