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فنزويلا: فيتو صيني وروسي في مجلس الأمن

فشلت الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية الخميس في تمرير مشروع قرار في مجلس الأمن يقضي بتنظيم انتخابات رئاسية في فنزويلا و”إيصال المساعدات الإنسانية بلا عراقيل”، وذلك بعد أن استخدمت كل من روسيا والصين حق النقض الفيتو.

كما صوتت ضد مشروع القرار جنوب إفريقيا العضو غير الدائم في مجلس الأمن، في حين أيده تسعة من أعضاء المجلس خصوصا الأوروبيين والأمريكيين اللاتينيين.

وامتنعت ثلاث دول عن التصويت هي غينيا الاستوائية وساحل العاج وإندونيسيا.

وخلافا لنص سابق كانت اقترحته واشنطن في بداية شباط/فبراير لا ينص مشروع القرار الأمريكي الجديد على “الدعم التام” للبرلمان الذي يرأسه المعارض خوان غوايدو الذي نصب نفسه رئيسا بالوكالة، بل يكتفي “بالإشارة إلى السلطة الدستورية” للبرلمان.

ويحض النص الأمريكي على “المبادرات السلمية وذات المصداقية” لإنهاء الأزمة التي تشهدها فنزويلا وهو ما لم يكن موجودا في النص السابق.

ويدعو مشرع القرار الأمريكي إلى مسار انتخابي “تحت إشراف دولي وفق الدستور الفنزويلي” ويطلب من الأمين العام للأمم المتحدة استخدام “وساطته” لتأمين اقتراع رئاسي موثوق.

من جانبه، اعتبر السفير الروسي  فاسيلي نيبينزا أنه كان سيكون قرارا لا سابق له ومؤداه “عزل رئيس” دولة.

وأضاف أن “الولايات المتحدة تتعنت في تصعيدها (..) والهدف منه هو تغيير النظام”.

ونادرا ما يستخدم عضوان دائمان في مجلس الأمن الفيتو في وقت واحد.

كما لم تنجح روسيا في تمرير مشروع قرار آخر حول فنزويلا يندد “بالتهديدات باستخدام القوة” ، التي تهدد الولايات المتحدة باللجوء إليها في مواجهة الرئيس الفنزويلي نيكولاس مادورو.

ولم يحصد مشروع القرار الروسي سوى على تأييد أربع دول فقط هي الصين وجنوب إفريقيا وغينيا الاستوائية ، بالإضافة إلى الصوت الروسي.

وكان نص مشروع القرار الروسي يؤكد على “الحاجة إلى الاحترام التام لمبادئ الإنسانية والحياد والنزاهة والاستقلال في تقديم المساعدة الدولية”.

ومنذ أسابيع تصر موسكو على أن الهدف الأوحد للمساعدات الأمريكية إلى فنزويلا هو الإطاحة بنظام مادورو.

يذكر أن فنزويلا تشهد أزمة سياسية منذ أن أعلن رئيس البرلمان المعارض خوان غوايدو نفسه رئيسا بالوكالة للبلاد في 23 يناير/كانون الثاني الماضي، وقد اعترفت به نحو خمسين دولة رئيسا انتقاليا، في حين يتمسك الرئيس نيكولاس مادورو بالسلطة.

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