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فرنسا تخضع “الذئاب المنفردة” لمراقبة مشددة

يقول الخبراء ان “الجنود التائهين” او “الذئاب المنفردة” كما يلقب الشبان الفرنسيون المنتمون الى شبكة القاعدة الذين تدربوا في باكتسان وافغانستان مثل محمد مراح منفذ هجمات تولوز جنوب غرب فرنسا، لا يتجاوز عددهم “بضع عشرات” وهم يخضعون لمراقبة شديدة.

وكانت اجهزة مكافحة التجسس ترصد منذ سنوات الشاب الفرنسي من اصل جزائري (23 سنة) الذي يشتبه في انه من قتل ثلاثة عسكريين واربعة يهود في منطقة تولوز، لكنها اعتبرت ان مجموعته السلفية المتشددة لا تشكل خطرا محدقا حسب وزير الداخلية الفرنسي كلود غيان.
وفي تصريح لفرانس برس يرى لوي كابريولي المسؤول السابق في المديرية الفرنسية لمراقبة الاراضي ان نموذج الجهاديين معروف منذ نحو 15 سنة “انهم احيانا من المجرمين الصغار الذين ينتقلون الى السلفية”.
وقال كابريولي انه اذا كان محمد مراح اقام مرارا في افغانستان وباكستان كما اكد غيان “فلا بد ان يكون استفاد من شبكات للتوجه الى هناك” مؤكدا انه “ربما كان ايضا من الذئاب المنفردة”.
وقدرت اجهزة الاستخبارات الغربية مؤخرا بـ”بضع عشرات” عدد هؤلاء الجهاديين العائدين من المناطق القبليية على الحدود الافغانية الباكستانية، وبينهم بضع فرنسيين، وهم يخضعون لمراقبة مشددة.
وسلمت سلطات اسلام اباد في ايار/ مايو 2011 لفرنسا جهاديين فرنسيين هما زعيب وشرف بعد اعتقالهما في لاهور ووجهت اليهما التهمة رسميا ب “تشكيل عصابة مجرمين على علاقة بمخطط ارهابي”.
لكن قبل ذلك، وفي تشرين الثاني/ نوفمبر 2010 اعتقل اربعة رجال تتراوح اعمارهم بين 20 الى 25 سنة، يشتبه في انهم دبروا لاغتيال عميد جامع باريس، وقد زار واحد منهم على الاقل افغانستان بينما كان الاخرون ينوون التوجه الى هناك، كما افادت السلطات الفرنسية.
وفي 2010 اعتقل 94 شخصا في اطار عمليات مكافحة الارهاب واودع 36 منهم السجن.
ويستذكر الخبراء انه لم تقع اعتداءات اسلامية متطرفة في فرنسا منذ سلسلة هجمات 1995.
لكن انتقال هؤلاء الجهاديين الى القيام بعمليات ما زال يعتبر اكبر خطر يشكلونه.
وافادت مصادر متطابقة ان مقتل اسامة بن لادن والخطر المتواصل الذي تشكله الطائرات الاميركية بدون طيار على تنظيم القاعدة والصعوبات المالية التي يواجهها قلص من عدد المتطوعين الاجانب الراغبين في الانخراط في العمليات الجهادية، لكن عددهم غير معروف بشكل دقيق.
وصرح مسؤول في مكافحة الارهاب طالبا عدم ذكر اسمه لفرانس برس مؤخرا انه “منذ ستة اشهر رحل كل الشبان الفرنسيين تقريبا الذين كانوا في باكستان ، كانوا ما بين عشرين الى ثلاثين، من اصل مغاربي او من الذين اعتنقوا الاسلام، لكن اليوم لم يبق هناك احد منهم تقريبا”.
ويرى الباحث دومينيك توما المتخصص في التيارات الاسلامية المتطرفة في المدرسة العليا للعلوم الاجتماعية ان “طريقة التحرك واللوجستية التي استعملها ذلك الشاب تدل على ان امكانياته محدودة وانه لا ينتمي الى شبكة على ما يبدو”.
وفي حديث لفرانس برس اضاف الباحث الذي يصف محمد مراح بانه ارهابي منفرد ان “اختيار اهدافه ينم عن ارتجال رغم انه فعل ذلك بطريقة مدروسة” مؤكدا ان اعلان الشاب انتماءه للقاعدة “ليس امرا ذا دلالة خاصة” لان “اي احد يمكن ان يعلن الانتماء الى القاعدة” مشيرا الى ان بعض الفرنسيين يتوجهون الى باكستان، عبر شبكات، “لتعميق انتماءهم الى التيار السلفي” او “للتدريب العسكري” في معسكرات افغانستان.
لكن دومينيك توماس يشدد على ان في فرنسا 99,9% من السلفيين لا يمارسون العنف.
وخلص جان-بيار فيليو الاستاذ في معهد الدراسات السياسية بباريس، ومؤلف كتاب “تاريخ القاعدة الحقيقي” الى القول ان “الذئاب المنفردة ينحون دائما الى الانتماء الى منظمة اوسع بكثير تتجاوزهم هم انفسهم”.

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