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مليارات الكواكب الصالحة للعيش في درب التبانة

كشفت دراسة جديدة عن مليارات الكواكب التي قد تكون صالحة للعيش في مجرة درب التبانة، الأمر الذي يزيد احتمالات وجود حياة قرب الأرض.

واكتشف باحثون ان ما لا يقل عن 100 “سوبر أرض” قد تكون على اعتاب كوكبنا حيث تبعد عن الشمس مسافات لا تقل عن 30 سنة ضوئية أو نحو 180 ترليون ميل.

وتوصل الفلكيون الى هذا الاكتشاف بعد اجراء مسح لنجوم من نوع القزم الأحمر التي تشكل نحو 80 في المئة من نجوم درب التبانة. وتشير حساباتهم الى ان زهاء 40 في المئة من الأقزام الحمراء لها كواكب صخرية لا تزيد كتلتها كثيرا عن كتلة الأرض، تدور في فلك “المنطقة الصالحة للعيش” حيث يمكن ان توجد مسطحات مائية.

ويقول العلماء انه حيث يوجد الماء يمكن ان توجد حياة رغم انهم يضيفون ان وجود الكوكب في المنطقة الصالحة للعيش لا يضمن نشوء حياة عليه.

ونقلت صحيفة الديلي تلغراف عن رئيس فريق الباحثين شافير بوفيلس من جامعة غرينوبل الفرنسية ان هناك نحو 160 مليار نجم من نوع القزم الأحمر في درب التبانة وان هذا “يقودنا الى نتيجة مدهشة هي ان هناك عشرات المليارات من هذه الكواكب في مجرتنا وحدها”.

ودرس فريق الفلكيين في بحثهم عينة اختاروها بعناية من 102 نجم احمر مستخدمين تلسكوب المرصد الاوروبي الجنوبي في تشيلي. واكتشف العلماء تسعة كواكب من نوع “سوبر أرض” أي كواكب تزيد كتلتها من ضعف الى 10 اضعاف كتلة الأرض. وكان كوكبان منها في المنطقة الصالحة للعيش للنجمين غليس 581 وغليس 667 سي. ولكن كواكب اكبر مماثلة للمشتري وزحل كانت نادرة في افلاك الأقزام الحمراء.

ولأن الأقزام الحمراء تكثر قرب الشمس فان الكثير من كواكب “سوبر أرض” قد لا تكون بعيدة بالمعايير الفلكية. ويقدر العلماء ان تكون هناك نحو 100 كوكب في المنطقة الصالحة للعيش على بعد 30 سنة ضوئية.

ولكن الدكتورة ستيفاني اودري من مرصد جنيف قالت ان المعروف عن الأقزام الحمراء انها تتعرض لانفجارات نجمية يمكن ان تغمر كواكبها بالأشعة السينية أو فوق البنفسجية وان هذا قد يقلل من احتمالات الحياة في تلك الكواكب.

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