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متحف عراقي يعيد شراء الآثار المسروقة

لجأ أكبر المتاحف العراقية في السليمانية الى الدفع لمهربي القطع الأثرية في مقابل استرجاع ما سرق من المتحف خلال السنوات الثماني الأخيرة. وقال مدير مشروع متحف السليمانية التابع لليونيسكو، ستيوارت غيبسون، في تصريح صحافي إن “موقف اليونيسكو وجميع المتاحف الدولية يتركز على ضرورة عدم الدفع مقابل استرداد القطع المسروقة لأن هذا الأمر ببساطة سيشجع على السرقة”، مضيفاً ان “السلطات الكردية اتخذت موقفاً صعباً وشجاعاً بشراء هذه القطع الأثرية”.
وأثارت خطوة شراء الآثار المسروقة جدلاً بين مؤيد ومعارض، الا ان نتائجها كانت جيدة على ما يبدو، حيث استطاع متحف السليمانية استعادة مخطوطة اثرية عن أسس الديموقراطية في مقابل مبلغ 600 دولار أميركي فقط.
وقال الأستاذ في قسم اللغات والثقافات بالشرق الأوسط بكلية الدراسات الشرقية والإفريقية في لندن الدكتور فاروق الراوي، “إن المخطوطة سامرائية وكتبت خلال العهد البابلي القديم، أي بين 1800 و900 قبل الميلاد”، لافتاً الى ان “هذه المخطوطة هي الأولى التي تتحدث عن الديموقراطية وبناء المجتمع المدني”. وأضاف “إنها مفارقة طريفة في مجتمع لا زال يتلمس خطاه باحثاً عن الديموقراطية والاستقلالية”.
يذكر أن ظاهرة تهريب القطع الأثرية انخفضت في الآونة الاخيرة في المنطقة، وذلك بعد أن تحولت منذ الغزو الأميركي للعراق في العام 2003 إلى  قضية أقلقت العراقيين ولا سيما حين دخل لصوص إلى المتحف الوطني في بغداد وسرقوا قطعاً تعود إلى آلاف السنين، تشير التقديرات إلى أنها لا تقل عن 170 ألف قطعة.
وتمكنت وزارة السياحة والآثار العراقية بعد سنوات من استعادة أكثر من 25 الف قطعة أثرية تضرر بعضها بالكامل والبعض الآخر بحالة متوسطة. وفي السياق، أعلنت هيئة الآثار والتراث العراقية في الحادي عشر من الشهر الحالي أنها استعادت 4500 قطعة اثرية متنوعة مسروقة من داخل البلاد وخارجها خلال العام الحالي 2011، في الوقت الذي افتقد فيه العراق كنوزاً لا تقدر بثمن كالإناء النذري الذي يشكل الفلسفة السومرية في الحياة والموت، ورأس الفتاة السومرية الذي اشتهر بأنه موناليزا العراق، وكذلك رأس سرجون الأكدي وثيران مجنحة نادرة عُثر عليها في النمرود.
ويوجد في العراق نحو 12 ألف موقع أثري تعود إلى حضارة السومريين والبابليين والآشوريين والحضارة الإسلامية، ودولة بني العباس التي اتخذت من بغداد عاصمةً لها على مدى 5 قرون. ولا تزال هذه الأماكن مهددة بالسرقة والنهب والتجاوزات غير المرخصة بسبب ضعف الرقابة الرسمية عليها.

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