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يوم الأحد يصبح لون القمر أحمراً و…يختفي

Capture d’écran 2015-09-24 à 16.18.40وصل القمر إلى أقرب مسافة له من الأرض وسيميل لونه إلى الأحمر خلال خسوف كامل ليلة الاحد الاثنين في ظاهرة رائعة ونادرة لن تحصل مجددا قبل العام 2033.

وكل الظروف قد اجتمعت كي يكون الخسوف رائعا، على حد قول باسكال ديكان عالم الفلك في مرصد باريس.

وستتسنى معاينة الخسوف الكامل لمدة تتخطى الساعة من القارة الأميركية إلى الشرق الأوسط، وذلك بين الساعة 2,11 و3,23 بتوقيت غرينيتش.

ولا ينتج القمر ضوءه الخاص بل يتلقاه من الشمس. وفي الساعات الأولى من يوم الاثنين، سيصبح القمر على خط متساو بالكامل مع الشمس.

وشرح باسكال ديكان “سوف نشهد على خسوف كامل لأن ظل الأرض سيغطي القمر برمته. وتوازي مساحة الظل الذي تشكله الأرض حجم القمر الظاهر بمعدل ثلاث مرات تقريبا. ويمكن للظل أن يغطي القمر بالكامل”.

وسيختفي القمر من أمام أعيننا بعد أن تغيب عنه أشعة الشمس ليظهر مجددا بصبغة حمراء في إطار ظاهرة تلقب بـ “قمر الدم”.

ويعزى هذا اللون إلى ظاهرة ضوئية، فكل اشعة الشمس التي تخترق الغلاف الجوي يتم عكسها، ما عدا الأشعة الحمراء التي يحرفها الغلاف الجوي عن مسارها فتضيء سطح القمر.

وقال عالم الفلك “إنه أمر مشوق لأن لون القمر يختلف باختلاف حالة الغلاف الجوي للأرض، فإذا كانت الجزيئات كثيرة فيه بسبب تلوث شديد، تعكس أيضا الأشعة الحمراء ولا تصل بالتالي إلى القمر”.

وأضاف “إذا كان الأحمر داكنا، يمكننا القول إن حالة الغلاف الجوي جيدة. أما إذا كان اللون جد فاتح، فالوضع كارثي بالفعل”.

ويصادف القمر أيضا الاثنين في أقرب نقطة له من الشمس وهو سيكون بالتالي كبيرا ولامعا في السماء “ويبدو أكبر بنسبة 14 % وأكثر لمعانا بنسبة 30 %”، على حد قول سام ليندسي من الجمعية الملكية لعلم الفلك في لندن.

وهذه الظاهرة المعروفة بـ “القمر الخارق” ناجمة عن المدار البيضاوي المنحى للقمر الذي يدور حول الأرض ليس بشكل دائري بل بيضاوي، مبتعدا عنها أحيانا ومقتربا منها أحيانا أخرى.

وتعود المرة الأخيرة التي صادف فيها قمر دم مع قمر خارق للعام 1982، بحسب وكالة الفضاء الأميركية (ناسا). أما المرة التالية، فهي لن تحدث قبل العام 2033.

وقال نوا بيترو من مشروع “لونار روكونيسانس أوربيت” (ال آر او) التابع للناسا “أنه حدث جد نادر ، فجيل بكامله لم يعاينه”.

ولطالما كانت حالات الخسوف محط تفسيرات دينية وأسطورية ورمزية. وذكر نوا بيترو بأن “ثقافات عدة اعتبرت الخسوف بمثابة نذير بؤس”.

وأخبر العالم أن كريستوف كولومبوس الذي كان يملك رزنامة بمواعيد الخسوف والكسوف لجأ إلى هذه المعتقدات لاستمالة سكان جمايكا. وللحصول على مزيد من الطعام هدد السكان الأصليين بإخفاء القمر ليلة 29 شباط/فبراير 1504. وعندما طالبوه بإظهار القمر مجددا، طلب منهم كمية اكبر من الطعام.

لكن ما من خطر مع الخسوف المقبل الذي يمكن معاينته بواسطة نواظير وتلسكوبات من دون أن يضر بالأعين، خلافا لحالات الكسوف.

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