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مصر وإثيوبيا والسودان: اتفاق حول سد النهضة

sadقال وزراء الخارجية والري في مصر وإثيوبيا والسودان إن الدول الثلاث وقعت يوم الثلاثاء اتفاقا يحدد بصورة نهائية الشركتين اللتين ستجريان دراسات حول الأثر المحتمل لسد النهضة الإثيوبي على تدفق مياه النيل إلى السودان ومصر.

وكانت الدول الثلاث قد اختارت في البداية في ابريل نيسان شركة بي.آر.إل الفرنسية وشركة دلتاريس الهولندية لإجراء الدراسات لكن الشركة الهولندية انسحبت في وقت لاحق مما جعل الدول الثلاث تتفق يوم الثلاثاء على أن تحل شركة أرتيليا الفرنسية محلها.

وكانت الدول الثلاث قد وقعت إعلان مباديء في الخرطوم في مارس آذار مهد الطريق إلى نهج مشترك بشأن موارد المياه الإقليمية.

وكانت مصر وإثيوبيا قد خاضت في السابق حربا كلامية مريرة حول المشروع الإثيوبي الذي يتكلف أربعة مليارات دولار.

ووقعت الدول الثلاث الاتفاق بعد مد محادثات وزراء الخارجية والري في الخرطوم يوما ثالثا.

وقال وزير الموارد المائية والري والكهرباء السوداني معتز موسى إن الدراسات الفنية ستبدأ في فبراير شباط عندما يجتمع الوزراء من جديد وإن إجراءها سيستغرق ما بين ستة و15 شهرا.

واشتمل إعلان المباديء الذي وقع في مارس آذار على إعطاء أولوية لدولتي المصب في الكهرباء المولدة من السد وهي طريقة لحل الخلافات والتعويض عن الأضرار.

وتعهد الموقعون أيضا بحماية مصالح دولتي المصب عند ملء خزان السد.

واشتكت إثيوبيا كثيرا من أن مصر تضغط على الدول المانحة والمقرضين الدوليين للانسحاب من المشروع الذي يقدر أن يولد 6000 ميجاوات. وتبني السد شركة ساليني إمبرجيلو.

وسعت مصر التي تعتمد بالكامل تقريبا على النيل في سد مختلف احتياجاتها المائية للحصول على تأكيدات أن السد لن يؤثر بشكل كبير على المياه المتدفقة إليها في النهر خاصة مع النمو السكاني المتسارع فيها.

ويقول مسؤولون إن نسبة 50 في المئة من إنشاءات السد تمت حتى قبل إجراء الدراسات الفنية.

وقال سامح شكري وزير الخارجية المصري “نحن مطمئنون من نتائج هذه الاجتماعات وننظر لتحقيق شراكة استرتيجية.”

وتقول إثيوبيا التي يمر بها النيل الأزرق الذي يلتقي مع النيل الأبيض في الخرطوم في مجرى واحد ينقل المياه إلى مصر إن السد لن يقوض تدفق المياه وإنها تأمل من بنائه أن تكون مركزا لإنتاج الكهرباء التي تحتاج إليها دول المنطقة بشدة.

وقال وزير الخارجية الإثيوبي تادرس أدانوم “نرى تقدما في الاتفاق على هاتين الشركتين ونتطلع إلى تحقيق مصالح الدول الثلاث. ونعتقد أن السد سيكون مفيدا للدول الثلاث.”

ويمثل سد النهضة أهم المشاريع التي تستهدف أديس بابا منها أن تكون أكبر مصدر للكهرباء في افريقيا. وتخطط لإنفاق 12 مليار دولار في العقدين المقبلين لتأهيل الأنهار فيها لتوليد الكهرباء

 

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