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美国施惠台湾严惩中国 中嘲讽美 夜郎自大

Tsai Hsiao-ying

一星期内,中国就以“ 大国之姿 ”警告美国2

316日,美国总统特朗普簽署国会上月底通过的《台湾旅行法》,让这项鼓励台、美所有级別官员互访的法案生效。这被台湾方面认为是自1979年的《台湾关系法》以来,美台双方在外交上的实质突破 (也读)”s

大陆外交部发言人陆慷16日针对台湾旅行法相关议题回应表示,议案有关条款尽管没有法律约束力,但它严重违反一个中国原则和中美三个联合公报规定。中方对此强烈不满和坚决反对,已向美方提出严正交涉,中国的对美外交报复将会是全面的。s

华裔政治评论家余杰为文指出,此前中共通过“权威学者”之口以“ 断交”相威胁,而一旦看到生米煮成熟饭,反倒是低调回应,相当克制地“呼吁”美方“尊重”中美两国此前的公报和声明。从习近平到外交部发言人,都不敢使用“地动山摇”之类的重话。就是一向喊打喊杀的《环球时报》,也只敢警告台湾不要“挟洋自重”,而不敢直接痛斥特朗普干涉中国内政

322日,美国总统特朗普簽署备忘录,宣布拟对规模达600亿美元的中国进口商品,加征25%关稅,并限制中国企业对美投资并购。中国商务部立刻反击,发布“报复清单”,拟对近30亿美元美国进口商品加征15%或25%关稅

中国外交部发言人华春莹警告说:“首先受损的将是美国消费者和公司企业的利益,美方有关人士错估形势。来而不往非礼也,我们会奉陪到底,不要捡了芝麻丟了西瓜。”还嘲讽美国“夜郎自大,错判形势”

不过,中美贸易战开打,中国网友的关注重点,却是在600亿与30亿的对比,质疑“中国真的在经济(规模)上和美国差距很大,还是说我国不敢大规模和美国发动经济贸易战?s

《台湾旅行法》

超过50位美国众议员联署的《台湾旅行法》,是20171月由当时的美国众议院外交委员会主席罗艾斯(Ed Royce)、众议员夏波(Steve Chabot)与薛尔曼(Brad Sherman)共同提出的

法律规定美国在政策上:1.允许美国政府所有级别官员到台湾访问与他们的对口官员会面;2.允许台湾高层官员在受尊重的情况下入境美国,3.鼓励台北市经济文化代表处和台湾设立的其他机构在美国开展业务。法案内容鼓励美台双方“所有层级”官员进行互访

316日,本来法案是可以自动生效,但是特朗普总统在最后一天亲自签署法案,正式成为法律。台湾国家政策研究基金会的中美关系学者林郁方对BBC表示,特朗普的亲自簽署,是有跟中方表明“ 台湾问题的解决还在我手上 ”之意,许多网民则直接说,根本没有怕北京的意思

美国政坛打台湾牌,已经成为一个普遍的共识。从去年特朗普亚洲行后,美国对中国的态度就转趋强硬。此前《美国国家安全战略》报告(National Security Strategy)、国防部《国防战略报告》(National Defense Strategy)、《核态势评估》(Nuclear Posture Review)接二连三地把中国列为“ 竞争对手 ”,形容修正主义中国在“ 挑战美国的权力、影响与利益 ”,试图“ 侵蚀美国的国家安全与繁荣 ”,措辞之强烈,前所未见

在背景下,有益于升级台美关系第一步的《台湾旅行法》,象征性的打开了政治层次的长期操作空间,一是正当化(legitimize)后续友台势力在美国的游说活动,为他们面对美国立法和外务体系增加一份强而有力的说帖,二是为友台的美国外务官员在升格台美交流时,要是遇到中共抗议,可以多一块挡箭牌(cover

美国在台协会(AIT)前处长司徒文就指出,《台湾旅行法》关键之处不仅在于鼓励美台官员互访,法案中案由(Findings)的引述,也间接承认了台湾是个国家的事实

17日深夜,中国国防部发言人声称,《台湾旅行法》严重干涉中国内政,损害了中美两国军事关系的发展,要求不得实施上述法案有关条款,同时停止美台官方往来,停止对台军事联系、军售,以免对中美两国两军关系和台海和平稳定造成严重损害

中国《环球时报》社评抨击,《台湾旅行法》形同摧毁台湾法,中国届时肯定会采取行动,让高层互访的台美都付出代价

法律通过后,首位访台国务院高层官员、亚太副助理国务卿黄之瀚,也跟蔡英文总统见面同台,刚推出所谓惠台卅一项措施后的中国,又抗议叫嚣

中国外交部发言人华春莹主持例行记者会时回答:“中方坚决反对所谓《与台湾交往法》,已就有关情况向美方提出严正交涉。我们敦促美方恪守一个中国原则和中美三个联合公报规定,停止与台进行任何形式的官方往来与接触,慎重妥善处理涉台问题,以免对中美关系和台海和平稳定造成严重损害。”s

对于中国的报复说,《台湾旅行法》提案人之一的众议员夏波(Steve Chabot)做出回应,认为法案的制定与中国无关,流程将持续进行

不过,前台湾驻美大使,现任台湾中研院访问学者的沈吕巡对BBC中文说:“就算得到美国这些(利多),但我们将会失去什么?中共如果对美外交出现问题,它很多地方都可以(对台)施加压力,三方平衡恐会被打坏。”s

旅美历史学者黎蜗藤就说明,中国的“ 一中原则 ”三段论认为“ 世界上只有一个中国;台湾是中国的一部分;中华人民共和国政府是代表全中国人民的唯一合法政府 ”。中国认为,台湾是中国的内政,虽然基於历史原因,台湾与美国可继续非官方的交流,但其限度只能是“ 三个联合公报或者默认的《台湾关系法》框架 ”。《台湾旅行法》,鼓励美台高级別官员交流,已经超过了中国能容忍的默认底线

美国的“ 一中政策 ”虽然与中国的“ 一中原则 ”有所不同,但在中美交往基础的“ 三个联合公报 ”中的《八一七公报》,明确写有“(美国)无意侵犯中国的主权和领土完整,无意干涉中国的内政,也无意追求(pursue中国故意翻译执行)『两个中国』或『一中一台』政策 ”。若美国允许美台官员互访,也可被视为“ 追求 ”一中一台了。s

林郁方则强调,一流国家领袖善用强国间的矛盾追取利益,二流国家领袖才会沦为强国间的筹码:“ 世界不是美国一个国家主导的,跟中国大陆的关系还要维持。现在的状况是中共一票反对,我们在国际上就是没有声音。我们欢迎《台湾旅行法》,但台湾不要随意卷入中共与美国的纠纷 ”。s

中研院欧美所研究员裘兆琳以为,美中台关系的重点在于如何取得平衡,台美往来并非中国损失,若中国对任何台美互动都要扩大解读,甚至报复,所推的惠台措施也只会适得其反。s

裘兆琳并指出,中国显然把此事看作零和游戏,忽视台美之间存有许多功能性议题需要相互交流,台湾政府如何能让美国以平常心看待往来,并让中国理解,台美往来并非中国损失,国际交流是全球化结果,中国种种打压到最后就是失去弹性,变成“ 没有弹性与自信的中国 ”。s

旅美华裔评论家余杰则认为,特朗普簽署《台湾旅行法》,是在美国及整个西方世界大幅改变对中政策大背景下的重要举动。习近平在第一个任期内频频挑战西方普世价值,以一带一路推广“ 中国模式 ”,在南海和东北亚疯狂扩张,用“ 大外宣 ”渗透西方的大学和媒体,让西方认识到中国的经济发展并未带来政治民主化,恰恰相反,一个法西斯化的中国正在崛起,不仅凌虐中国国内追求民主自由的民众,甚至威胁西方的安全。s

因此,特朗普拋弃了长期以来美国实行的错误的对华战略。二十多年前,特朗普曾批评美国政府走向福利国家的经济和政治模式,他认为从“ 罗斯福新政 ”开始就走错了;与之对应,美国对中国的政策,也是从二战之前走偏了,“ 中国幻想 ”笼罩在从罗斯福到尼克松(Richard Nixon)再到奥巴马(Barack Obama)等十多名总统头上——他们认为可以将中国改造成基督教国家、民主国家乃至像日本那样的盟友。但事到如今,幻想破灭,西方放中国加入世贸组织,最终养虎为患。所以,特朗普要选择一条跟中国打交道的新路。s

中国官方媒体《人民日报》属下的《环球时报》21日发表社评说,中国应对特朗普政府落实《台湾旅行法》进行反制,主张对“ 那些访问了台湾的美国国务院和国防部高级别官员,北京应在他们的现职任期内不再邀请他们访问中国大陆。台湾高级别官员访问美国,公开会见他们的美国国务院和国防部官员,也应受到同等对待 ”。s

华裔盲人维权律师陈光诚则指出,曾几何时,嚣张到连中华民国的总统要过境美国,都要“ 严正交涉 ”的中共,如今面对两院高票通过、特朗普总统签署《台湾旅行法》已经四天,不仅原来中共扬言的“ 武力犯台 ”没有发生,连“ 反美抗议 ”、“ 严正交涉 ”也没发生,只见中共无耻部的弄臣象征性略作几下丑姿而已。这不仅证明了中共政权欺软怕硬的纸老虎本性,也充分说明多年以来美国政客们的绥靖政策是多么的误国误民。s

而今,美国朝野几乎一致通过的《台湾旅行法》就是美国各界经过几十年与中共打交道……或者说被中共无数次戏弄甚至羞辱(最典型的是,在杭州迟迟不给前总统奥巴马飞机舷梯)后,终于清醒认识了中共本性的一个标志。s

旅美华裔政治评论家余杰认为,欺善怕恶的习近平,碰到霸王硬上弓的特朗普,终于无计可施。s

网民也嘲讽: 有人问我对武统台湾的看法,其实我觉得你就看看像这类对美全面外交报复什么时候开始,你到时候再过来问我,全世界只有这种媒体被全面收买的国家会以为是真的。s

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