الرئيسية » أخبار العرب »

中国贷款换委瑞内拉石油 拉美国家怀疑一带一路

Tsai Hsiao-Ying

原为南美洲国家民主模范生的委瑞内拉,新年伊始,两个总统的国内政治角力,居然演变成国际问题,美国、中国、俄罗斯博弈论战未休

其中,寻求扩大“一带一路”基础设施计划的中国,在委内瑞拉投放数百亿美元援款与投资,前景不排除灭顶之灾,承外交失败之苦。而委内瑞拉对中国的庞大债务看在其它拉美国家眼裡,也是一个风险警讯,连带对习近平的“一带一路” 计划产生怀疑

委瑞内拉总统马杜罗110日开始第二个任期,国会议长瓜伊多23日宣布当选无效,百万民众示威抗议的集会上,瓜伊多宣布自己出任临时总统,要求重新大选。美国总统特朗普立即承认瓜伊多新政府,欧洲联盟也下通牒,8天内马杜罗不宣布立即进行自由选举,将承认瓜伊多的合法过渡总统地位。包括拉美国家在内的许多国家,都承认瓜伊多出任委国临时总统。可是,中国、俄罗斯、古巴等国,则力挺马杜罗

委瑞内拉的内政问题,成为国际代理人战争,一般分析,可视为美中角力的决战。《法国国际广播电台》(RFI)报导,“委瑞内拉的这场巨变,应是美国策动。彭斯副总统22日发表公开讲话,要求马杜罗下台;彭斯22日晚间致电瓜伊多,支持他夺权

美国以“ 门罗主义“ 对抗中国在拉美势力的意义回返,明显摆出美洲人管美洲事的架式,中国则在“拉美的条件符合中国同发展中国家加深经济金融合作的一带一路规划“的如意算盘没打好,反落得类似偷鸡不着蚀把米的狼狈,现下还要担心国内民怨

中国已经是几个拉美国家的第一大,或第二大贸易伙伴。另外中国对诸如委内瑞拉等拉美国家提供了重要的贷款和投资。美国国务卿蓬佩奥(Mike Pompeo)在谴责力挺马杜罗的中、俄两国时就一语中的,强调中俄“支持这个失败的政权,是为了取回多年来因思虑欠周而砸下的数以十亿计美元“

2008年全球金融危机后,委内瑞拉政府难以获得国际资金,而北京正是那时起开始了对委内瑞拉最大手笔的贷款换石油,当时的总统查韦斯则利用中国贷款为其政治服务。《洛杉矶时报》就报导,截至2016年以前,中国近十年内借给委内瑞拉大约620亿美元,大部分是用石油偿还。俄罗斯则借给委内瑞拉170亿美元的贷款和投资,201812月,俄罗斯将再向委内瑞拉的石油和黄金部门投资60亿美元

清华卡内基全球政策中心美国学者陈懋修(Matt Ferchen)近日也在《中国、委内瑞拉和债务陷阱外交的幻想》文章中指出,中国与委内瑞拉的关係起初双赢,但随着委内瑞拉石油产出崩盘,政府无法履行石油换贷款协议,这给中国带来巨大的政治经济风险

台湾作家粘拔就诙谐写出这段历史。“ 2015 9 月马杜罗总统,又跑去北京跟习大大哭穷,硬抠了笔五十亿美元的新借款,承诺即日起每天运往中国的原油增加到七十万桶

但美国人难道是傻子吗?他们可是贼贼的笑,等着背后捕两刀呢!从 2014 年起,美国就刻意鼓励页岩油产量大增,让全球原油供应在 2014 年出现过剩问题。而沙乌地阿拉伯与俄罗斯更在 2015 年继续增产,大家看看 2015 年油价走势就知道了,上半年还在震盪上升,下半年开始加大力道下跌,原油期货价格均较 2014 年跌掉了 47%!跌掉了近一半“

陈懋修认为,查韦斯和马杜罗没有以可持续的方式发展石油资源,促进本国经济成长,多年来是依靠来自中国的资金支撑政权。委内瑞拉目前出现经济危机,中国得负部分责任

这就是粘拔说的,随着老共的一带一路继续发展,中共的国企藉着放款之便,全面掌控了委内瑞拉国家战略资产,譬如电信、汽车、家电,以及石油开採,特权横行严重破坏市场经济,更进一步的破坏了委国的民生。“ 一切都证明了在中共的思维底下,谁跟他合作都不重要,钱不重要,你也不重要,但跟我借钱,借到没有你,对我很重要“

2013年查韦斯病故,继承人马杜罗上台,“不到两个星期,他的合法性就受到挑战。委内瑞拉的政治和人道危机在加深”,陈懋修说,虽然危机引起全球关切,“但中国既不承认其在委内瑞拉危机中的影响和利益,也不寻求解决其最亲密的美洲盟友之一的困境”

虽然中国今年来大幅度缩减了对委内瑞拉的贷款规模,但中、委两国当局都没有公开承认两国关係的失败。陈懋修说,在委内瑞拉陷入危机过程中的每一步,中国外交部都照例发表希望委内瑞拉局势“稳定”的公式化声明

陈懋修接受《美国之音》採访时表示:“ 儘管形势朝着相反的方向发展,儘管这个国家相反的发展使之陷入经济危机,巨大的通胀、石油大量减产,以及明显缺乏稳定,你还是听到(北京)这些跟下行现实无法吻合的声明”

中国对委内瑞拉提供贷款,与其他旨在突显中国债务陷阱外交的例子形成鲜明对比。这种贷款不仅加速了委内瑞拉走向自我贫困,还明显损害了中国自身的经济和地缘战略利益

陈懋修在其文章中强调,中国似乎正在重复西方政府、企业和多边金融机构所犯的错误。中国作为全球金融服务提供者,其目前所经历的状况,与20世纪30年代和70年代美国公司以及随后的美国政府的经历,在某种程度上颇为类似。当时的美国公司和政府也陷入了于人于己均不利的不可持续的债务关系之中

陈懋修认为,其实北京也害怕中国老百姓对其在委内瑞拉失误的问责,“那是数百亿中国老百姓的钱,你不会想看到反弹”

台湾《今週刊》指出,如今,中国已经输送给委内瑞拉五百亿美元,每天收到的原油是七十万桶;相较于查韦斯 ○七年第一笔四十亿美元换十万桶原油的借款,北京这个金主,根本就是不计血本地让利。如果再把国际油价腰斩、委内瑞拉币巨幅贬值考虑进去,北京的巨额贷款,已经血本无归

至于北京,像是被掐住脖子的大金主,若不继续借钱,不只前面的贷款沦为坏帐,马杜罗政府也将被推翻,中国二十年来在南美支持的反美政权将一夕变天。北京只好同意提供金额不详的新贷款,维持马杜洛政权的生命线

委瑞内拉变天,是2019年世界的第一件大事。中国网民为之做出潮水般反应,

恭喜委内瑞拉人民脱离苦难!“ ,“ 齐奥塞斯库、萨达姆、卡扎菲、马杜罗?还有多少所谓的老朋友?“ ,“ 萨达姆、卡扎菲、本拉登打麻将三缺一,就等马杜罗了“

我只关心我们500亿美金贷款怎麽办?“ ,“ 中国还能要回援助的钱吗?“ ,“ 委国人民面临亡党亡国了“ ,“ 网上那些公知梦寐以求的就是这样的场景也发生在中国“

《法广》指出,有媒体说“中国网民暴动了”。这对正被美中贸易战打得焦头烂额和面对经济下滑一筹莫展的习近平,是又一记沉重打击。对习近平来说,被赶出美国后院已属不幸,如果中国人民群起彷效委内瑞拉民众,那才是大祸临头,真是怕什麽来什麽

اقرأ للكاتب نفس:

اُكتب تعليقك (Your comment):

صحافة اسرائيل

إعلان

خاص «برس - نت»

صفحة رأي

مدونات الكتاب

آخر التعليقات

    أخبار بووم على الفيسبوك

    تابعنا على تويتر

    Translate »
    We use cookies to personalise content and ads, to provide social media features and to analyse our traffic. We also share information about your use of our site with our social media, advertising and analytics partners.
    Cookies settings
    Accept
    Privacy & Cookie policy
    Privacy & Cookies policy
    Cookie name Active

    Privacy Policy

    What information do we collect?

    We collect information from you when you register on our site or place an order. When ordering or registering on our site, as appropriate, you may be asked to enter your: name, e-mail address or mailing address.

    What do we use your information for?

    Any of the information we collect from you may be used in one of the following ways: To personalize your experience (your information helps us to better respond to your individual needs) To improve our website (we continually strive to improve our website offerings based on the information and feedback we receive from you) To improve customer service (your information helps us to more effectively respond to your customer service requests and support needs) To process transactions Your information, whether public or private, will not be sold, exchanged, transferred, or given to any other company for any reason whatsoever, without your consent, other than for the express purpose of delivering the purchased product or service requested. To administer a contest, promotion, survey or other site feature To send periodic emails The email address you provide for order processing, will only be used to send you information and updates pertaining to your order.

    How do we protect your information?

    We implement a variety of security measures to maintain the safety of your personal information when you place an order or enter, submit, or access your personal information. We offer the use of a secure server. All supplied sensitive/credit information is transmitted via Secure Socket Layer (SSL) technology and then encrypted into our Payment gateway providers database only to be accessible by those authorized with special access rights to such systems, and are required to?keep the information confidential. After a transaction, your private information (credit cards, social security numbers, financials, etc.) will not be kept on file for more than 60 days.

    Do we use cookies?

    Yes (Cookies are small files that a site or its service provider transfers to your computers hard drive through your Web browser (if you allow) that enables the sites or service providers systems to recognize your browser and capture and remember certain information We use cookies to help us remember and process the items in your shopping cart, understand and save your preferences for future visits, keep track of advertisements and compile aggregate data about site traffic and site interaction so that we can offer better site experiences and tools in the future. We may contract with third-party service providers to assist us in better understanding our site visitors. These service providers are not permitted to use the information collected on our behalf except to help us conduct and improve our business. If you prefer, you can choose to have your computer warn you each time a cookie is being sent, or you can choose to turn off all cookies via your browser settings. Like most websites, if you turn your cookies off, some of our services may not function properly. However, you can still place orders by contacting customer service. Google Analytics We use Google Analytics on our sites for anonymous reporting of site usage and for advertising on the site. If you would like to opt-out of Google Analytics monitoring your behaviour on our sites please use this link (https://tools.google.com/dlpage/gaoptout/)

    Do we disclose any information to outside parties?

    We do not sell, trade, or otherwise transfer to outside parties your personally identifiable information. This does not include trusted third parties who assist us in operating our website, conducting our business, or servicing you, so long as those parties agree to keep this information confidential. We may also release your information when we believe release is appropriate to comply with the law, enforce our site policies, or protect ours or others rights, property, or safety. However, non-personally identifiable visitor information may be provided to other parties for marketing, advertising, or other uses.

    Registration

    The minimum information we need to register you is your name, email address and a password. We will ask you more questions for different services, including sales promotions. Unless we say otherwise, you have to answer all the registration questions. We may also ask some other, voluntary questions during registration for certain services (for example, professional networks) so we can gain a clearer understanding of who you are. This also allows us to personalise services for you. To assist us in our marketing, in addition to the data that you provide to us if you register, we may also obtain data from trusted third parties to help us understand what you might be interested in. This ‘profiling’ information is produced from a variety of sources, including publicly available data (such as the electoral roll) or from sources such as surveys and polls where you have given your permission for your data to be shared. You can choose not to have such data shared with the Guardian from these sources by logging into your account and changing the settings in the privacy section. After you have registered, and with your permission, we may send you emails we think may interest you. Newsletters may be personalised based on what you have been reading on theguardian.com. At any time you can decide not to receive these emails and will be able to ‘unsubscribe’. Logging in using social networking credentials If you log-in to our sites using a Facebook log-in, you are granting permission to Facebook to share your user details with us. This will include your name, email address, date of birth and location which will then be used to form a Guardian identity. You can also use your picture from Facebook as part of your profile. This will also allow us and Facebook to share your, networks, user ID and any other information you choose to share according to your Facebook account settings. If you remove the Guardian app from your Facebook settings, we will no longer have access to this information. If you log-in to our sites using a Google log-in, you grant permission to Google to share your user details with us. This will include your name, email address, date of birth, sex and location which we will then use to form a Guardian identity. You may use your picture from Google as part of your profile. This also allows us to share your networks, user ID and any other information you choose to share according to your Google account settings. If you remove the Guardian from your Google settings, we will no longer have access to this information. If you log-in to our sites using a twitter log-in, we receive your avatar (the small picture that appears next to your tweets) and twitter username.

    Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act Compliance

    We are in compliance with the requirements of COPPA (Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act), we do not collect any information from anyone under 13 years of age. Our website, products and services are all directed to people who are at least 13 years old or older.

    Updating your personal information

    We offer a ‘My details’ page (also known as Dashboard), where you can update your personal information at any time, and change your marketing preferences. You can get to this page from most pages on the site – simply click on the ‘My details’ link at the top of the screen when you are signed in.

    Online Privacy Policy Only

    This online privacy policy applies only to information collected through our website and not to information collected offline.

    Your Consent

    By using our site, you consent to our privacy policy.

    Changes to our Privacy Policy

    If we decide to change our privacy policy, we will post those changes on this page.
    Save settings
    Cookies settings