الرئيسية » مدونات » هارولد هيمان Harold Hyman »

“رفال” للهند نكاية بأميركا

هارولد هيمان

إن «رافال» (Rafale)، الطائرة الحربية الفرنسية، هي الأفضل حالياً في العالم، ومنافسها الوحيد المحتمل هي طائرة حربية روسية وليست أميركية. السبب هو أن الطائرة الفرنسية هي الأحدث. لقد تم تصميمها في الثمانينيات، بينما الـ “إف ١٥” والـ “إف ١٦” صممتا قبل عقد على الأقل، وهذه الطائرة الفرنسية صممت لتقوم بكافة المهمات، فهي طائرة للبحرية مقاتلة وقاذفة. كما أن تجهيزها الإلكتروني مصنع لدى «داسو» أيضاً أو في أقصى الحالات في مصانع فرنسية. إذا «رافال» ليست مدى للصناعة الأميركية بأي مكون من مكوناتها. وهذه الطائرة قد خاضت معمودية النار في مهمات قتالية فوق أفغانستان وليبيا. باختصار شديد ليس عليها أن تبرهن على فعاليتها.
أميركا ضد فرنسا
الولايات المتحدة ما زالت تختبر (وليس تجرب) الـ “إف ٣٥” الجديدة. سوف تكون طائرة أحدث من «رافال» وتتمتع بمقاومة أشد في مجال التمويه. ولكن سوف تكون أغلى ثمناً بكثير. وضع المسؤولون الأميركيون نصب عيونهم هدفاً واحداً: منع بيع «رافال» قبل انتاج الـ إف ٣٥.

وللحيلولة دون بيع «رافال»، قام الأميركيون بعرض طائراتهم القديمة بنصف أسعار الطائرة الفرنسية، وعرضوا شراء كميات كبيرة من منتوجات الدول التي تشتري طائراتهم، والكثير من المساعدات الدولية كما هو الحال مع المغرب مؤخرا.
لم تصلح هذه الاستراتيجية مع الهند، إذ أن سلاحها كان دائماً خليطاً بين معدات فرنسية ومعدات روسية. الحكومة الهندية قررت أن لا تشتري الطائرة الأميركية.

الهند تتميز بتسلحها

لماذا اشترت نيودلهي تسليحاً فرنسياً وليس أوروبياً؟ لقد فضلت الهند الطائرة الفرنسية لأنها أرخص من «يوروفايتر» (Eurofighter) الأوروبية، إلا أن الطائرتين أغلى سعراً من الطائرات الأميركية التي عرضت عليهم. الأسباب هي ثلاث: ١) هذه أفضل طائرة اليوم في السوق، ٢) سوف تحصل الهند على نقل كثيف للتكنولوجيا العسكرية، ٣) العقود النووية التي سوف توقعها مع باريس.
أكثر من مئة «رافال» سوف يتم تجميعها في الهند، وسوف تقوم الصناعة النووية الفرنسية ببناء مفاعلين نووين من آخر طراز في الهند. إن نقل التكنولوجيا العالية ليست عملية مربحة على المدى الطويل ولكن للنووي أهمية مختلفة.
الجانب النووي للصفقة
تعتبر الهند «متخلفة» نوعاً ما في مجال النووي المدني، وذلك بسبب المقاطعة الدولية ومنع التعاون عنها لأنها انطلقت ببرنامج تصنيع نووي وتجهيز صواريخ نووية، وهو ما أبعدها عن الشق المدني المسالم لهذه الصناعة منذ السبعينيات. فقط الولايات المتحدة وروسيا وفرنسا وبريطانيا والصين لهم الحق بالتمكن من النووي العسكري. الدول الأخرى لها الحق فقط بالنووي المدني.
ها هي الهند وقد بات لها الحق في الأثنين.
Harold Hyman

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