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تجارب القبعات الزرقاء

هارولد هيمان

فيما تطرح الجامعة العربية، ومعها الفرنسيون وأمم أخرى، في نيويورك مسألة إرسال قبعات زرقاء إلى سوريا، من حقنا التساؤل: ما هي طبيعة هؤلاء الجنود تحت راية الأمم المتحدة؟ لأن فكرة يروج لها الآن وخلاصتها أن حضور القبعات الزرقاء سوف يكون مقدمة لتدخل عسكري لخلع بشار الأسد. إلا أن التاريخ أظهر لنا بأن تغييراً جذرياً يحصل عندما يترسخ الاعتقاد بأن إرسال قبعات زرقاء هو مقدمة لوصول المارينز الأميركيين.
القبعة الزرقاء هو التعبير المعتمد للإشارة إلى «قوات حفظ السلام» التي تخدم بموجب قرار في مجلس الأمن وتكون تحت إمرة القيادة العليا العسكرية لقوات الأمم المتحدة التي تخضع لإدارة عمليات حفظ السلام في نيويورك، التي يترأسها تقليدياً فرنسي.
أول مهمة عسكرية تحت علم الأمم المتحدة كانت مهمة مراقبة الهدنة بين إسرائيل والدول العربية عام ١٩٤٨ (UNSTO)، وهكذا تحولت الخطوط التي تراقبها هذه القوات إلى حدود إن لم تكن محترمة فهي معترف نوعاً ما بها. إلا أن تاريخ القبعات الزرق متنوع: بعض الأحيان تُشكل مراقبين لوضع يعقب صراعاً مثلما كان الأمر في ناميبيا في بداية التسعينات، ولكن بعض الأحيان تكون القوات الدولية قواتاً مقاتلة كما كان الأمر في الستينيات في الكونغو. وجدير بالذكر بأن خلال هذه المعارك التي واجهت فيها القوات الدولية (كندا والدانمارك وإيرلندا وباكستان والهند وأثيوبيا إلخ…) الانفصاليين من «كاتنغا» (وبينهم عدد من الفرنسيين) فقدت القوات الدولية ٢٥٠ قتيلاً. وخلال هذه العملية قتل الأمين العام للأمم المتحدة الجنرال داك همارشولد أثناء زيارة لمنطقة المعارك.
في شاطئ العاج وصل عدد القوات الأمم المتحدة (ONUCI) إلى ١١ ألف قبعةزرقاءاء. وقد شاركت القوة في معارك عديدة، وإن هي لم تسجل أي ضحية في صفوفها. في الواقع هذه القوة التي تألفت من جنود أتوا من السنغال والبنغال ومالاوي والتوغو كانت تلعب دور قوة مساندة للقوات الفرنسية.
في لبنان تتواجد القوات الدولية (UNIFIL) لمنع الاحتكاك بين حزب الله والجيش الاسرائيلي، ولكننا اليوم لا نعرف بالتحديد ما هي أهداف هذه القوة، إن لم يكن فرض نوع من الجمود الإيجابي. وهذا يلائم جداً الوضع في لبنان، حيث لم يُكسر هذا الجمود إلا بضعة أيام خلال معركة بسيطة في بيروت بين الميليشيات، من دون أي إزعاج للقوات الدولية (ما عدا عدد من الضحايا بسبب القنابل الإرهابية).
الخلاصة: لا توجد أي سابقة بالنسبة لحالة مثل الحالة السورية. إذا عاد الحديث عن القبعات الزرق خلال الأيام المقبلة فهذا يعني التوجه نحو «تطبيق القانون الدولي عبر التجارب».
Harold Hyman

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  1. doudou:

    very good

    تاريخ نشر التعليق: 2012/04/15

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